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| 1901 |
| | | Robert Falcon Scott sets off in the Discovery on his first expedition to the Antarctic | |
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| 1906 |
| | | Roald Amundsen and his crew are the first to achieve the Northwest Passage, in a journey lasting three years in a 70-ft fishing boat | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Ernest Shackleton, leading an expedition to the Antarctic, locates the south magnetic pole | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Sea captain Joseph-Elzéar Bernier unveils a plaque in the Arctic Archipelago, declaring that all the islands belong to Canada | |
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| 1909 |
| | | Louis Blériot is the first to fly across the English Channel, winning the £1000 prize offered by the Daily Mail | |
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| 1910 |
| | | Robert Falcon Scott sails south in the Terra Nova on his second voyage towards the South Pole | |
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| c. 1911 |
| | | The lost Inca city of Machu Picchu is reached by US archaeologist Hiram Bingham | |
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| 1911 |
| | | Roald Amundsen and his Norwegian team become the first people to stand at the South Pole | |
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| 1912 |
| | | Robert Falcon Scott and his companions reach the South Pole a month after Amundsen - and die on the return journey | |
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| 1913 |
| | | The Canadian Arctic Expedition, led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson, sets off to the north | |
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